Native Experience - TV script / Episode 3 "Two Worlds

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1	00:02:00:00 Montage 4th July in Noatak 00:02:03:16 Caps: <C001> NOATAK, ALASKA Population 423 00:02:10:09 Caps: <C002> INDEPENDENCE DAY July 4th 1999	(Music – The Stars & Stripes) (Music fades under following sequence)
72	00:02:34:23 Prologue MONTAGE – 4th July Cont’d	V/O 1: (1:25) Noatak – a small village in the heart of Northwest Alaska; most of the villagers here are Inupiat Eskimos – this is Native Alaska This is also small town America - Noatak became part of the United States 132 years ago – today, the villagers join their fellow countrymen in celebration of the 223rd anniversary of independence from British rule. This is the 4th of July. Here on the banks of the Noatak River, 420 Eskimos tread the path between the modern world, which comes closer every day; and the Native world, which they inherited from their forefathers. Their traditional culture has its roots in the land, and in the natural wealth which the land offers up to those who are born to live and to die here. Birth, life and death according to the laws of the land – a land which each generation must deliver to its children. But this land is changing fast – as the outside world draws closer, the ways of the forefathers no longer suffice – today there are new needs, new ideas, new challenges. As the modern and the Native worlds converge, there is no going back - will the new world and all it brings sustain these people through years of change? Or is it in their traditional ways that they will find the strength to prevail? Only they can choose. Can they learn to live in two worlds, with one spirit?
3	00:04:05:05 TITLE SEQUENCE 00:04:23:13 Caps: <C003> NATIVE EXPERIENCE 00:04:28:14 <C004> Episode 3 00:04:29:03 <C005> Two Worlds - One Spirit	(MUSIC)
4	00:04:37:20 MONTAGE Red Dog Mine	V/O 3: (0:57) Here in the De Long Mountains, north of the Noatak River, lies one of the richest zinc deposits in the world. The mining of zinc together with lead and silver is bringing wealth and change to the Inupiat Eskimos of the Northwest Arctic Region. This is Red Dog Mine, operated as a partnership between the Native Corporation NANA, and the Canadian mining company Cominco. Here at Red Dog, Natives and non-natives work side by side. Together they run a highly technical and potentially hazardous mining operation. Theirs is a competitive industry – one in which millions of dollars are at stake every day. As the result of a unique political vision and many years’ hard work, the Inupiat have avoided being cast in the role of passive observers to an exploitation of their natural resources by outsiders. This is the story of Red Dog Mine…a story which began in the Native communities of Northwest Alaska…
5	00:05:35:21 (Transition)
6	00:05:39:24	V/O 4: (0:39) Since the gold rush at the end of the 19th century, many outsiders have come to Alaska to discover and exploit the wealth of this great land; often oblivious to the fact that it was already inhabited by people who had lived here for thousands of years. The Natives understood the seasons that brought different creatures to different places. They understood that if they wanted food, they must be in the right place at the right time. By living according to the laws of the land, they could harvest enough food in the summer to sustain their families through the long winter ahead. Generation by generation, they had come to understand this land…
7	00:06:16:06 INTERVIEW 00:06:18:18 <C006> Willie Hensley Politician & Corporate leader	INTERVIEW #1 Willie Hensley Politician & Corporate Leader From childhood on we were involved [eh,] with nature, both winter and summer, in our case living essentially under the land [in our,] in our sod houses in the wintertime, and so there was hardly anytime throughout the day that you weren’t involved with nature in some fashion. You’re feeling it, you’re tasting it, you’re living under it, you’re burying your dead in it. And so [consequently, I mean,] after 10,000 years of doing that you get a very strong intimacy with the land … [and eh]… … because we had been here for 10,000 years nobody ever thought that we wouldn’t have the use of it, [you know,] in the future!
8	00:06:57:08	V/O 5: (0:49) The first missionaries who arrived in the 1880’s met an indigenous people whose spirituality was very different from their own. It was a spirituality in which the elements and all living things had a meaning. Each community had its Shamans – wise men – whose understandings and interpretations of the spiritual world would dictate the way the community reacted to any natural event. Some of the Shamans were good and kind, and used their powers wisely; some – corrupted by power, had wielded it so ruthlessly, that their people were ripe for the message of the missionaries. According to the Shamans, the grass was sacred, and no man could pluck the grass from its roots, lest he should suffer a sudden or slow and painful death. This was the word of the Shamans, so the people did not pluck the grass…
9	00:07:45:14 00:07:46:06 <C007> Ricky Ashby	INTERVIEW #2 Ricky Ashby …and the missionary come and he pull grass as a testimony to the people… …And after that everything begin to change and our faith really grew, our people’s faith… …and our elders say since they see the evidence from the land, they always say the land was the first to receive the Saviour…
10	00:08:08:17 (Transition)
11	00:08:10:13	V/O 6: (1:07) The first gold prospectors and Yankee whalers who arrived in the second half of the 19th century employed natives as guides and deckhands. They introduced them to modern firearms, alcohol and tobacco, which the Inupiat readily bartered for their furs and labour. The newcomers also introduced the natives to gambling. When news of the drunken lawlessness on America’s last frontier reached churchmen in the south, they sent missionaries to Alaska’s remote regions to save the Natives from the debauchery of the pioneers. The Native culture was an oral culture, in which hunting skills, spiritual values and stories of their land and heritage were passed on in words, song and dance, to the beat of the skin drum. The missionaries saw the spirituality of the Inupiat as something pagan, to be discouraged and replaced by their bible teachings in the English language. They preached against vices such as polygamy, alcohol, tobacco and gambling, and as gospel hymns replaced traditional songs and dances – the Inupiat lost a vital means of perpetuating their culture. In the years that followed many dances and songs were lost forever. 00:09:19:11 to 00:09:24:00 <music pause – Tukle/Drum> The missionaries released the people from the often frightening grasp of the shamans, but the skin drum had fallen silent…
12	00:09:31:16 (Transition)
13	00:09:42:22 Montage Friends Church (Noatak/Kotzebue)	V/O 7: (1:10) The different churches divided Alaska’s vast territory between themselves and it fell to the Quakers to bring salvation to the Northwest. The missionaries chose the village of Kotzebue as the starting point for their endeavours. From Kotzebue the missionaries spread the word to the villages and in the 20 years following their arrival, almost all Inupiat were converted to Christianity. The missionaries arrived at a time of great epidemics – white newcomers had unwittingly introduced diseases which were totally foreign to the Arctic – diseases such as measles, smallpox and influenza, against which the Inupiat had no defence. In some communities, up to 200 people died. Within a few years, the epidemics had claimed up to 60% of the Native population.
14	00:10:39:10 00:10:43:02 <C008> Reggie Joule Representative. Alaska State Legislature	INTERVIEW #3 Reggie Joule The people who brought Christianity, especially early on, had access to immunisations, [that] in some cases [where] they could save peoples lives, whereas the Shaman did not. …A lot of the spiritual beliefs of the Native people, parallel[s] Christianity… where you have respect for nature… where you co-operate, where you… love your children, you know, all of those things that we’ve adopted as our Inupiaq values… Christianity is based on the same way… Be good to your neighbour!
15	00:11:21:21 Noatak (native food / fish)	V/O 8: (0:58) The Christian ethic of sharing was not foreign to the Inupiat; in the Arctic sharing and survival go hand in hand. Here in Noatak, as in all the villages of the region, the inhabitants prefer subsistence food because of its cultural importance – and also for economic reasons – imported food is expensive. There is no commercial subsistence hunting or fishing here, and Native food cannot be bought in the village store. Providing food for a community of several hundred people is a demanding task. The teenagers and able men do most of the hunting, although many of the elders also remain active hunters. The women and children pick berries and plants and handle the processing of the subsistence harvest.Together they must provide enough food for their families, and for the families of those whose employment takes them away from the village. In the course of a year, a subsistence hunter must harvest an impressive selection of food…
16	00:12:19:20	(Dialogue) RICKY ASHBY “Praise the Lord! “Blessings from the lord again!”
17	00:12:25:18 00:12:48:11 <C09> RICKY ASHBY	INTERVIEW #4 Ricky Ashby In February… when the seals come from the south we start hunting …myself I always try to get 3 [when I get,] but that’s only [eh], for myself and my mom, my brothers and sisters… …And after we hunt seal later on they’re fishing trout all this time… …We get… Maybe 10 sacks trout, maybe about 5 sacks white fish, maybe, [I don’t know,] maybe about 300 salmon we dry, some of it is caviar some of it is just dried… and ducks, maybe… there’ll be about 30, 30 ducks [something around like that…] These are things we put in freezer or leave outside for the whole winter. …We get…sometimes 47 caribou…that was the average… me, my sister, my mom and my dad and my grandma, there were 5 of us, but lot of these families they’re bigger families… so they must pretty well get maybe 70-80 caribou… …In May, we hunt eh, seagulls’ eggs in the islands [and things like that]. I pick at least 100 pound potato and maybe about 5 gallons, 10 gallons of blueberries and maybe 1 gallon raspberries [I try to pick at least.] Sometimes 2 gallons. And sour dock maybe 5 gallon. I enjoy subsistence. [Eh,] hunting, harvesting, I enjoy that because it, to me it’s [eh, like] my nature... My mind wanna do it. My heart wanna do it.
18	00:14:19:06 MONTAGE Noatak / Subsistence activities	(MUSIC) V/O 9A: (X:X) The villagers have a wealth of subsistence resources to choose from, but the fish, fowl, game and marine mammals migrate to different places at different times of the year. At any given time, many of the villagers will be hunting far away from the village. In the winter they travel by snow-machine; in the summer by motor boat. The Noatak River is their lifeline to a hunting ground covering more than a thousand square miles.
19	00:14:43:17 00:14:51:15 <C10> RACHEL SHERMAN	INTERVIEW #6 Rachel Sherman This land is good! We are blessed. We have so many things out there that’s right there for you to get, if you could just go out and get it. We are blessed and I’m thankful for that. We, we never have to go without, just as long as there’s somebody in the family that goes out to hunt.
20	00:15:10:06 Noatak (plane takes off)	V/O 9B: (X:X) But times are changing in this part of the Arctic. New economic opportunities for this region create new challenges for the subsistence lifestyle in the villages. It’s Wednesday morning in Noatak, and for some of the villagers, it’s time to go to work. Their workplace lies 30 miles to the north at Red Dog Mine – for the next few weeks they must leave the hunting to others.
21	00:15:36:05 (Transition)
22	00:15:42:13 Aerial shots in region around the Red Dog Mine area (Superimpose - Newspaper front page) 00:16:07:11 <C011> NATIVE CLAIMS SETTLEMENT ACT 00:16:08:16 <C012> December 1971 00:16:20:00 <C013> 12 Native-owned Regional Corporations 00:16:43:16 <C014> (map) Brooks Range Bering Sea North West Arctic Region Kotzebue Sound 00:17:07:20 <C015> ANCSA Settlement NANA Regional Corporation 00:17:08:18 <C016> 1971 – 4,762 shareholders 00:17:10:17 <C017> 2,246,094 acres of land 00:17:13:15 <C018> $43,590,212 capital	V/O 10: (1:55) In 1971 the US Congress passed ANCSA - the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act – which recognised the Natives as owners of part of the land which they had occupied for thousands of years. The natives had filed their claim to the land in the late 60’s, 00:15:56:10 (Vision subtitle – Newspaper headline) NATIVES EYE MINERAL RIGHTS as exploration for oil began on the North Slope. They feared that if oil and mineral development went unopposed, they would lose their lands forever. As a result of ANCSA, Alaska was divided into 12 regions, the boundaries of which were roughly equivalent to the traditional territories of the ethnic groups living there. In each region, a native-owned regional corporation was established to manage the land and the economic interests of the Natives. All persons born before the act was passed, and who were at least 25% Native, became shareholders of the corporation in their region. The traditional territory of the Inupiat Eskimos was divided in two – the Arctic Slope to the north of the Brooks Range, and the North West Arctic Region, surrounding Kotzebue Sound. The Northwest Arctic Native Association – known as NANA - had been the organisation through which the Natives of the region had fought for their land. Following the enactment of ANCSA, NANA became the regional corporation for the Northwest. ANCSA did not give the Natives ownership of all the lands which they had traditionally occupied; NANA was only entitled to select 2¼ million acres of land – and received 43½ million dollars in compensation for lands lost. NANA’s initial goals were to improve housing, education and public services in the communities, as well as creating wealth and employment opportunities for its shareholders. Unlike the Arctic Slope, where oil revenues from Prudhoe Bay rapidly became the foundation for a booming regional economy, the North West had no known oil reserves with which to finance development.
23	00:17:41:14	INTERVIEW #7 Reggie Joule …We went from being in a hunting society thrown into a business world, and some corporations had trouble making that adjustment …There’s limited resources in the rural areas to really have a booming business and so, the corporations also recognised that they had to move in with the big boys… …Create alliances… for others to share the risk instead of being the sole risk takers…
24	00:18:10:15	V/O 11: (0:48) When selecting their land entitlement in the 70’s, the leaders of NANA were keen to choose mineral-rich lands which could support their goal of economic development. But NANA could not select land anywhere in the region. The state and federal governments were in the process of creating National parks and wilderness reserves – and had declared large areas of land unavailable for selection by the regional corporations. One such area lay in the DeLong Mountains, on lands where several mining companies, including the Canadian company Cominco, had been prospecting for minerals since 1975. The zinc deposit, already known as Red Dog, had obvious economic potential. Whilst trying to get the state government to release the lands at Red Dog, NANA’s leaders began to discuss the idea of getting into the mining business...
25	00:19:00:02	INTERVIEW #8 Reggie Joule When the issue of developing our natural resources… the lead and zinc… was first brought up to the shareholders of NANA… [I guess it was the mid seventies…] the shareholders turned it down, they told the leadership in our corporation – No!
26	00:19:17:06	V/O 12: (0:16) It was soon obvious that neither NANA, nor the municipality could afford to leave Red Dog undeveloped. Once again, the issue was put to the shareholders, and following intense debate, the shareholders gave their approval – but only if certain conditions could be met…
27	00:19:33:07	INTERVIEW #9 Reggie Joule Shareholder hire… had to be a priority… That resource belonged to the corporation… the corporation belongs to the shareholders, and shareholders should have priority for the jobs… That in developing the mine, that it could not interfere with subsistence, with the migration of the caribou, or any of the uhh… any of the animals both on land and water… and [that the… uhh.. that] if it did, there, there needed to be control that would shut the mine down if that were to occur. And those were the main concerns, in addition to being profitable, that NANA had to make money off of this venture as a corporation.
28	00:20:12:18	V/O 13: (0:15) The Natives were not miners – to develop Red Dog, NANA had to find a mining company which would be prepared to enter into a partnership based on the terms dictated by the shareholders. Six mining companies were invited to discuss NANA’s proposals.
29	00:20:27:09 00:20:31:23 <C019> John Schaeffer Corporate leader, NANA	INTERVIEW # 10 John Schaeffer Cominco we knew something about, they had already been exploring in the area, in fact [uhh…] they had contested our selection of [uhh…] the land at the Red Dog Mine and were [uhh…uhh…] going to take us to court over our selection. And so we [- we didn’,] we weren’t on very good terms, in fact I could emphatically state that of the six companies that we selected, Cominco was the last one we would have ever chosen to be our partner. We never did go to court because we got Congress to approve our selection at [at uhh…] Red Dog, and so that never happened.
30	00:21:02:08	V/O 14: (0:16) Cominco was the only company prepared to accept NANA’s terms. They put their differences over the lands selections behind them, and by 1980, the prize of Red Dog’s wealth had united them as partners. Ahead lay the task of learning to understand each other’s way of working...
31	00:21:18:02 00:21:19:17 <C020> DOUG HORSWILL Vice President, COMINCO	INTERVIEW #11 Doug Horswill, Vice President, Environment & Corporate Affairs, Cominco …For a mining company to understand the native culture, decisions are very often [eh,] made [by,] by consensus they, they happen in ways that we don’t understand. You’re never quite sure where the decision was made or sometimes you don’t even know if a decision was made… … an international mining company, an international business of any sort, is much more linear. The problem is identified, the solution is out there in the future, you know where you are today, you set a path that you’re gonna walk to get to it and you, you move… …and bringing those together in a way that both parties can realise their objectives and understand each other is a very difficult process. Sometimes it never is achieved … …and we’re still learning about how to deal with each other… [Eh,] the relationships evolved in certain ways, but in other ways the basic objectives of the NANA folks are exactly what they were at the beginning…
32	00:22:17:16	V/O 15: (1:17) By 1982 NANA and Cominco had reached agreement on how Red Dog Mine should be developed, and by 1986 the deposit had been surveyed adequately for the partners to commit themselves to establishing a mine. With no railroad or highway within hundreds of miles, the mine site was completely isolated. The only way of transporting lead and zinc concentrate from Red Dog to market would be by sea. The coastal waters are ice-bound for most of the year, and are to shallow to allow large vessels within 5 miles of the coast. From the port site, barges must transport the concentrate to bulk carriers anchored offshore. Vast storage buildings capable of holding over a year’s production of concentrate were built at the port site. A 55-mile road was laid across the tundra linking the mine with the port. To prevent heat absorbed by the road from melting the under-lying permafrost the road was built on insulated foundations The mill facilities and accommodation buildings were built as modules by shipyards around the Pacific, shipped to the port site, and hauled on the new road to the mine for final construction. By 1989 construction was completed and the first work-crews were ready. Red Dog Mine went into production.
33	00:23:39:20 MONTAGE Blast scene at Red Dog	Radio traffic (off-camera) “10 – 9 – 8 – 7 – 6 – 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1 – You’ve got fire in the hole!” [BANG!]
34	00:24:05:15	V/O 16: (1:40) Lead and zinc are never found naturally in their metallic form. The process of creation and millions of year’s geological development, has created lead and zinc sulphides – simple chemical compounds of the metals and sulphur – which are encapsulated as veins of ore within the crystalline structure of the rock, along with small amounts of silver. The ratio of valuable ore to unwanted rock, together with the ore’s proximity to the surface defines the value of any mineral deposit. The less rock which needs to be processed, the more profitable the mine. The orebody at Red Dog is unique in its purity – typically 2 or 3 times that considered commercially viable in other parts of the world. In the 10 years since the mine opened, the orebody has been exposed, leaving a pit from which huge dumpsters move the blasted rock to the mill. Inside the mill building, the rock passes through several rotating mills in which steel balls gradually break the rock down in size – first resembling gravel, then sand and finally a fine dust.. The powdered ore is mixed with water and chemicals and passed through flotation tanks in which the heavy rock particles fall to the bottom, whilst the lighter lead and zinc sulphides attach themselves to the air bubbles, which float to the top and are skimmed off. This process is repeated several times, resulting in a concentrate with a high lead or zinc content, from which the water and chemicals are then filtered. The higher the concentration of lead and zinc in the final product, the greater its value when it leaves Red Dog, on its way to metal refineries all over the world...
35	00:25:45:06 (Transition)
36	00:25:50:18 00:25:52:00 Caps – <C021> RED DOG MINE ECONOMIC BENEFITS 00:25:55:00 <C022> Fiscal year 2000 00:25:57:00 <C023> NANA regional corporation - $8,000,000 00:26:02:00 <C024> NW Arctic Borough - $4,000,000 00:26:07:00 <C025> Fiscal year 2000 Shareholder hire 58% 00:26:14:00 <C026> Shareholder payroll - $18,000,000 00:26:16:00 <C027> Shareholders in region - $12,000,000 00:26:21:00 <C028> Value of concentrate - $290,000,000	V/O 17: (1:15) Red Dog Mine has made its mark on the economy of the region. In the year 2000, <cont’d> NANA received 8 million dollars from Red Dog, and as the only taxpayer in the municipality, the mine paid an additional 4 million dollars to the Northwest Arctic Borough. In the same year, 58 percent of those employed by Cominco and its contractors were NANA shareholders, their wages amounted to 18 million dollars – of which 12 million was earned by shareholders residing in the region. In the year 2000, concentrate from Red Dog Mine was sold for 290 million dollars, and even better results are expected in the future. This is only the beginning - at present NANA receives 4½ percent of the income from the ore, until Cominco has recovered its initial investment of over 500 million dollars, after which NANA’s share will gradually increase, until the profits are shared equally. The outlook for NANA is good – income from Red Dog, as well as the corporation’s other business activities, gives each shareholder an annual dividend amounting to several hundred dollars. Such economic progress is dependent on many factors, not least the Native population’s ability to adapt to the industrial world.
37	00:27:08:07 00:27:10:07 <C029> Reggie Joule Representative. Alaska State Legislature	INTERVIEW #12 Reggie Joule I guess a real conflict [is in,] is in time. [Eh,] the western culture time lines are very rigid. You go to work at eight you get off a five.
38	00:27:23:06 00:27:24:03 <C030> DOUG HORSWILL Vice President, COMINCO	INTERVIEW #13 Doug Horswill I mean, we do have to run a business on time. We have to [eh,] make a profit. We have to [eh,] be efficient. [That’s] particularly in north of the arctic circle type cultures time is a different, has a different meaning. [And eh,] one of the biggest conflicts of all is getting used to the fact [that,] that time in an industrial setting... when you, when you have to be at work at 7, you have to be at work at 7! 7:30 or 8 or 9:30 doesn’t cut it.
39	00:27:49:09	INTERVIEW #14 Reggie Joule ... There’s still, I think, many, many people ... whose clocks are run by the season and not by the clock on the wall... ... To much of the native people [eh,] there’s a whole different concept of time, [you know,] it was time to hunt a particular species of animal.
40	00:28:13:07	V/O 18: (0:28) Until the early 20th century, when the government forced the Inupiat to live in permanent settlements, so that their children could attend schools, the Inupiaq year was one of constant migration following the subsistence animals. Despite the creation of permanent villages, the nomadic way of life continues to some extent today. In the early summer, the people of Noatak leave their village, often as entire families, and travel down river to their summer fish camps at Shashulik.
41	00:28:41:09 MONTAGE Subsistence life – Shashulik	INTERVIEW #15 Ricky Ashby We come here... ...in Shashulik... ...this time of the year right around May, May last part, and stay all the way till later part of the summer... We still come here to harvest food because that’s where it’s easy to do. It’s accessible, it’s a harbour-like, from the wind we have lot of west wind sometimes and good harbour... ...But it’s... ...a place where you can get lot of your food.
42	00:29:06:13 MONTAGE Shashulik	(MUSIC)
43	00:29:45:22	(SYNC) Ricky Ashby: ...We dry the meat and leave the blubber on some of it and we call this ‘ikiligaq’... (Check Inupiaq spelling) ...This is eh, real good duck.. blubber will get crunchy it’s cooked... ...And these are just dried. They’re eh, dried meat not cooked... ...these are white fish... [...white fish...] ...We dry ‘em up and we cut ‘em and we put them in there we mix ‘em... ...Put greens in, they’ll be green all winter. Even they froze... ...These are the intestines, [oops. Intestine,] we dry them up and then we cook ‘em and we put ‘em in here too. [Intestine like this...] ...I make 20 gallons right here... ... and they’ll be fresh like that all winter...
44	00:30:45:22 Montage – Shashulik	MUSIC
45	00:31:08:09	V/O 19: (0:20) Inupiat who live inland depend on the ocean for much of their food. Each spring, whales, seals and walrus are in abundance on or around the sea ice in the waters of Kotzebue Sound. By now, in mid-July, the pack ice has drifted far from the shore. The hunters must journey some 60 miles out towards the Chukchi sea...
46	00:31:32:13	INTERVIEW #16 (off-camera) Ricky Ashby ...When you gonna hunt... your mind and your heart... when you have good attitude... ...You know, when you have a thankful, humble heart that’s just like it’s always easy to get the animals and that’s a real... ...value that each one of us have to hold on to.
47	00:31:56:14	V/O 20: (0:21) The hunters sail in search of ugruk – the bearded seal – which is prized by the Inupiat for its meat, blubber and skin. Hunting far offshore is expensive, due to the price of fuel for the boat. This is probably the last trip to the ice that these hunters will make this year – their last chance to stock up with seal, whale or walrus for the winter ahead...
48	00:32:17:15 Montage Walrus hunt	(MUSIC / SYNC)
49	00:32:20:06 Montage Walrus hunt <sailing in the ice>	V/O 21A: (fragmented sequences) For several hours, the hunters sail between the ice floes, but there are no bearded seals in sight. Eventually they arrive to where the pack ice meets the open sea, here they are surrounded by several hundred walrus.
50	00:32:32:20 Montage Walrus hunt (kill)	(Dialogue) RICKY ASHBY 00:33:03:05 “That’s good, that’s good! 00:33:04:24 “Hallelujah!”
51	00:33:07:16	V/O 21B: (X:X) When a walrus is killed, the rest of the herd remains close by. The hunters much approach carefully, a single swipe from the tusks of a bull walrus, could flay their boat in seconds. Finding and killing the animals is only half the job – the task of butchering takes several hours.
52	00:33:27:07 Montage Walrus hunt	INTERVIEW #17 (off-camera) Ricky Ashby When people hunt... [you know,] they know they’re providing for their families… and that’s a real value... they’re providing for somebody to eat, to fill somebody’s else’s stomach... and that’s a real value, it’s...it’s hard to explain... ...It’s something that we have from God... and we have to thank him... in our heart we have that desire... [to thank...] to thank the Lord because of all the abundant food that he give us.
53	00:33:57:03 Montage Walrus hunt (midnight sun)
54	00:34:03:11	V/O 22 (0:44) The Inupiat have often voiced concern that industrial activity could harm the environment on which they depend. The sea-ice is part of their hunting territory – therefore shipment of concentrate from the port site is strictly limited to the ice-free summer months, after subsistence hunting of marine mammals is finished. The haul road from Red Dog to the port site crosses the annual migration route of the caribou. Native approval for the road was given on the condition that the caribou would continue to enjoy the right of way, and that the road could be closed completely during the migration seasons. The Natives were also concerned about how minerals and chemicals used at the mine could be released into the environment, polluting the air and water.
55	00:34:48:07 <C031> JIM KULAS Manager, Environmental & Risk	INTERVIEW #18 Jim Kulas ...The mineral is soluble and you can... ...elevate zinc levels in the water and any other component that might be in your ore [eh,] to the point that you can cause some problems in the aquatic community.
56	00:34:59:10 Red Dog Creek & Pit	V/O 23: (0:42) The usual way of monitoring the environmental impact of mining activity is to measure the levels of pollutants in the soil, air and water before mining begins, so as to have a baseline against which any future impact may be measured. In the case of water-quality in the rivers around Red Dog, this approach was not possible, because one river – Red Dog Creek - ran right through the middle of the mineral deposit. Groundwater draining into the creek contained high levels of lead and zinc. Because of this natural contamination, the creek had never been able to support aquatic life, and the level of lead and zinc in the rivers into which the creek flowed was so high, that reliable measurement of any additional pollution would be impossible.
57	00:35:44:08	INTERVIEW #19 Jim Kulas [What we did] to solve that problem [is] we rebuilt the creek to separate the metal that was coming out of the rock from the clean water that was upstream [of the,] [of the ore body] over the area where we’re mining. So, we now capture that water as it comes down and we put it in a lined [eh,] system and essentially carry it around the area where the metal was entering. We’ve cleaned up water to the point that we’re actually starting to see fish and aquatic life in the areas where [it,] it always had been non-existent.
58	00:36:12:19	V/O 24: (0:48) Waste water from the mill contains residual amounts of minerals or chemicals used in the flotation process. This water is first released into the tailings pond – a man-made reservoir beside the mill. Later it is processed in a water treatment facility, and clean water is released back into the creek. Government permits for Red Dog require that Cominco continually monitor the local environment and that their findings are open to public scrutiny. Cominco’s staff regularly survey the rivers many miles downstream from the mine site, and take water and sediment samples for analysis. The permits lay down precise permissible levels for a wide range of potential contaminants. If these levels are exceeded Cominco may be required to shut down mine operations and rectify the problem.
59	00:37:04:01	INTERVIEW #20 Jim Kulas We’ve come so far in the mining industry [to,] to realise the impacts these operations can have... ...I’m convinced there’s nothing that can’t be done [eh,] applying the right technology and the right solutions to the problems. It’s eh, just a matter [of eh,] of continuing to work at it and address the issues. We have environmental technicians working for us that grew up in the region and now they’re out doing the water sampling and they’re identifying the problems, and they’ve really become instrumental in solving [eh,] what issues may be there... ...I think the ultimate solution [on their,] on their behalf, or of managing Red Dog, or a mining operation in their area, is when their people are involved and [eh,]and become part of the process. We will both continue to grow and evolve in [eh, in eh,] the way that we work together [and eh,] our understanding of [eh,] their issues and their understanding of ours will continue to mature.
60	00:38:00:06 Transition	(Dialogue) TELEVISION “As always, the goal is to create a workforce at Red Dog that is 100% Native.”
61	00:38:06:21 Noatak / village meeting	V/O 25: (0:10) Every few months, the management team from Red Dog Mine visits each village in the region. Here on a Wednesday in June, they have come to Noatak.
62	00:38:16:10 00:38:23:15 <C032> DOUG HORSWILL Vice President, COMINCO	INTERVIEW #21 Doug Horswill, Cominco ...It’s important for us to understand what’s on the minds...of the people who live in this region. We need them to know, that we are listening to them, so that they’ll tell us if they’ve got a concern. What we don’t wanna have happen [is eh,] is through our own neglect [ehm,] a problem develop that could’ve been avoided if we’d known about it soon enough. it might be something to do with an environmental concern that [eh,] we haven’t properly gauged, although I don’t think there are any of those today. They might come up. [Eh,] are we covering employment and training sufficiently to satisfy what the communities needs are in relation to our ability? ...So that’s why we’re out in the villages... ...these are the homes of our employees... ...if there’s an impact on wildlife they’re the ones who are impacted. They’re the ones who feel if there are negative aspects and we need to know that so we can deal with the problems and at the same time ensure they have the opportunities.
63	00:39:14:06 (Transition)
64	00:39:15:03 00:39:18:17 <C033> JOHN SCHAEFFER Corporate leader, NANA	INTERVIEW # 22 John Schaeffer Corporate leader, NANA ...We have a subsistence committee that’s a standing committee made up of ... elders, hunters from Kivilina and Noatak who eh, meet, periodically, at least quarterly ... to look at the environment and what’s happening and they monitor ... the hunting and fishing that goes on near the Red Dog ... ...and they meet with [eh,] COMINCO’s ... staff to ... deal with any problems. ... COMINCO ... has had to shut ... the road periodically for, I don’t think any more than 3 days at a time ... in order to allow the caribou free access across the road [and that continues today.] We’ve not [had,] had to [eh, eh] exercise the option of shutting down the mine.
65	00:39:55:13	V/O 26: (0:15) Employment is high on the agenda of these village meetings. The agreement between NANA and Cominco states that within 12 years, every Red Dog employee – including management and skilled staff - will be a NANA shareholder.
66	00:40:08:20 00:40:22:16 <C034> REGGIE JOULE Representative, Alaska State Legislature	INTERVIEW #23 Reggie Joule We knew that the chances of achieving that were probably not likely, but we wanted to have that goal there and give COMINCO something to shoot for [and to keep,] and also keep the pressure on our shareholders to become qualified, getting into mining engineer-geology and all of those types of [eh,] of career tracks.
67	00:40:31:23	V/O 27: (0:41) With shareholders making up 58 percent of the workforce today, Red Dog Mine has what is probably Alaska’s best Native-hire track-record. Robbie Kirk grew up in Noatak and first came to work at Red Dog in 1990 as a truck driver. Within 5 years he had advanced to become a supervisor of pit operations. And for the last 5 years, he has been responsible for training equipment operators. 15 years ago, Cominco was dependent on outsiders to operate much of the equipment and to train the first shareholders. Today, with more shareholders in senior positions, Red Dog moves towards the ultimate goal of 100% shareholder hire.
68	00:41:12:21 00:41:15:03 <C035> ROBBIE KIRK Mobile Equipment Trainer	INTERVIEW #24 Robbie Kirk [Oh,] I share that same goal... and it’s people like me who make that happen. So every day I try to [eh,] look at that goal and say what do I need to do to help make that reality. I wanna see everybody succeed up here. And especially shareholders. ... If they have a desire to succeed in operating a piece of equipment at Red Dog it’s my job to see that they do it.
69	00:41:43:05 00:42:16:10 <C036> Frederica Schaeffer Payroll Supervisor	INTERVIEW #25 Frederica Schaeffer I worked in accounting for the past maybe 20 years of my life ... and when I applied for this job in ’91 this is where I ... come to work... the accounting department [and] mainly my job is in accounts payable and payroll ... There’s 3 of us here working and we rotate... I work 2 weeks on and 1 week off where I get to go to my hometown in Noatak, that’s about 20 minutes away... I been working here for the past 7 years [its...] It is important, you know, for ‘cause [we need the,] our way of life at home the cost of living is outrageous, [you know,] we don’t even the utilities, [ you know,] can’t afford to live on just small cash economy, [you know].
70	00:42:33:23	V/O 28: (0:43) Despite jobs at Red Dog and the growth of the cash economy, Noatak remains a traditional Native community, caught between the old world and the new. A simple wooden-framed house with two bedrooms costs as much to build in Noatak, as a comfortable house anywhere else in suburban America. The cost of fuel, spare-parts for the boats and snow-machines, ammunition and hunting tackle, is often twice that in the lower 48 states. Bush life is expensive and consumer choice is almost non-existent. Economic growth is not always progress – a job at Red Dog means less time to hunt and live by the old ways, and a greater dependence on imported food, clothing and supplies.
71	00:43:17:21	INTERVIEW #26 Ricky Ashby ... Lot of people have jobs at Red Dog, but they make a sacrifice to that. When they’re not home with their children they’re not really there to teach their kids the values that they need to learn, they need that guidance. Especially when they’re small they need that [eh] father and mother around... ...there’s a lot of food from the land, their Native food, that they need to eat, that they’re not eating, because, their parents are working, and during the R&R period they never go out because their physical body is too tired, they have to rest it.
72	00:44:04:21 RAA shuttle lands at Red Dog	V/O 29: (0:18) Not all the economic benefits of employment at Red Dog have filtered down to the villages. It is Wednesday afternoon – change-out day at Red Dog – as one work crew looks forward to two weeks leave, another arrives to take their place – many flying in on the shuttle from Anchorage...
73	00:44:23:01 Red Dog workers disembark	INTERVIEW #27 Reggie Joule ... When people find employment in a place like say Red Dog Mine ... on a working schedule of 4 weeks on and 2 weeks off ... and you’ve got a direct flight between Anchorage and Kotzebue, and your work force is young ... people will take that opportunity and unfortunately the money with them and move to communities like Anchorage where they can enjoy I guess the fruits of western society or the ills of western society or both!
74	00:44:58:18	INTERVIEW #28 Robbie Kirk ... My children get a better education. Actually they have more options they’re not limited to what they can receive as far as education. ... life is probably a little bit easier as far as economy and your dollar stretches farther... Fuel is definitely an advantage in Anchorage. You get more for your dollar it’s easier to get. I mean it’s always there.
75	00:45:24:06	V/O 30: (0:15) The loss of some of the fittest young adults to the cities, has an impact on the villages, which lose valuable subsistence expertise, at the same time as income from Red Dog flies south instead of being injected into the village economy.
76	00:45:38:11	INTERVIEW #29 Robbie Kirk ... One thing that I could do, personally, to change that is to move back to Noatak. Where my wages instead of going to Anchorage are going to Noatak. [I could spend my money there], you know, it’s ... a choice that I have to make. I’m gonna give my children the opportunity to do whatever they want. ... if they wanna live in Noatak that’s fine. If they don’t want to that’s fine. But as I raise my children I’m gonna ... let them know that they have an option to hunt just like ... their grandparents they have that option, I’m gonna keep that in the back of their head.
77	00:46:14:13	V/O 31: (0:10) Robbie Kirk and his family have moved back to Noatak. But the idea of life in the city continues to attract many young Inupiat away from their villages...
78	00:46:24:05 00:46:27:22 <C037> Frank Adams Jr.	INTERVIEW #30 Frank Adams Jr. Nothing really happens around here, sort of quiet, and it’s like the same thing happens every day. Every night like there’s Hondas riding round .... Stay up all night sleep all day. Most of my friends they think the same way as I think ... like [they wanna,] they wanna get a job and move. In Anchorage there’s a lot of things to do. Go shopping, ride around. I have, I have a few relatives in Anchorage I can always go see ... there’s just a lot of things to do in Anchorage.
79	00:46:55:09	INTERVIEW #31 Reggie Joule ... We need to let ‘em go. A lot of times we wanna keep ‘em close to home, we wanna keep ‘em, keep that family nucleus and some times the best way to keep the family together is to let ‘em go. Get the knowledge that they need to, so that when they come back they’re really back. And they’re back for the right reasons, not just because we’ve held them.
80	00:47:16:09	INTERVIEW #32 Frank Adams Jr. ... if I move to Anchorage and eh, my parents will be getting older and older I have to come back and take care of them. ... ever since when I was born my mom and dad would buy me things. [Since when I was a little kid.] Now that’s, I feel like it’s my turn to buy them since they’re getting older and older. I gotta take care of them since they take care of me when I was a little kid.
81	00:47:44:00 00:47:45:18 <C038> ISAAC SMITH Mill Operator	INTERVIEW #33 Isaac Smith ... Me and my wife and famly, we try that couple of times [and] we move to Anchorage and within 10 months time I had gotten tired of it. I’m not used to being around a lot of people… It’s tough being an Eskimo in a big city ... they all look at you as an outsider. Even though we’re from the same state. They look at us different.
82	00:48:09:02	V/O 32: (0:29) So far, the limited tax revenue from Red Dog has had little impact on the economy of the communities - few expensive construction projects, few new roads or amenities for the villages. But the communities have also been spared the massive impact which the sudden arrival of oil revenues brought to many Alaskan communities, where public expenditure exploded as local leaders sought to create better amenities for the citizens.
83	00:48:33:18	INTERVIEW #34 Robbie Kirk ... It all depends on whose definition [you,] you listen to. What is better? You make it better by [putting,] putting bigger buildings and better roads and more cars and more traffic and more people and more, more, more, more... or you just leave it the way it is and people are happy and content?
84	00:48:55:16	V/O 33: (0:14) Whilst the development of Red Dog Mine itself is seen by most as a success, the many changes which followed in the wake of the Lands Claim Settlement have not taken place without difficulties for the communities of Northwest Alaska.
85	00:49:08:12	INTERVIEW # 35 Reggie Joule ... We were also faced with such rapid social changes ... getting housing, getting electricity, getting flush toilets ... and then there’s the social temptations as well ... ... bars and liquor stores in communities, the problems that alcohol and drugs bring with them led to a lot of social dysfunction and a recognition by the corporate leaders that, while we were doing good in making money as a business… socially we weren’t making the kinds of adjustments that, that eh, should’ve been expected. ... they felt that what was missing was while we were getting all of these other things that the one thing that [eh,] that we weren’t bringing along was a lot of the traditional values
86	00:49:57:17 V/O start 00:50:06:20	V/O 34: (0:24) Through a series of discussions in the early 80’s, the leadership of NANA, together with the elders from all the communities of the region, agreed on a list, which they felt embodied the traditional values of their Inupiaq culture.
87	00:50:17:00 MONTAGE Stills, each illustrating an Inupiaq value 00:50:18:08 <C039> Knowledge of language 00:50:21:16 <C040> Sharing 00:50:25:02 <C041> Respect for others 00:50:28:11 <C042> Co-operation 00:50:31:22 <C043> Respect for elders 00:50:35:05 <C044> Love for children 00:50:38:17 <C045> Hard work 00:50:42:01 <C046> Knowledge of family tree 00:50:45:10 <C047> Avoidance of conflict 00:50:48:22 <C048> Respect for nature 00:50:52:06 <C049> Spirituality 00:50:55:16 <C050> Humour 00:50:59:02 <C051> Family roles 00:51:02:12 <C052> Hunter success 00:51:05:21 <C053> Domestic skills 00:51:09:06 <C054> Humility 00:51:12:15 <C055> Responsibility to the tribe	(MUSIC)
88	00:51:08:08	INTERVIEW #36 (starts off-camera under previous scene) Reggie Joule ...We call them Inupiaq values. What they really are, are human values that you find no matter where you live. But when there’s ownership in something [eh,] it becomes more meaningful, so they became ours.
89	00:51:20:00 Native kitchen	V/O 35: (0:30) In the last 20 years, the Inupiat values have become the basis for many decisions concerning the operation of Red Dog Mine. An understanding of the importance of the family in Inupiaq society, and the needs of Native employees to be able to pursue their subsistence activities and provide for their families, is now a major factor in the planning of work schedules. So too is an understanding of the needs of the Native workforce to maintain some of their Native traditions when they are working and living at Red Dog.
90	00:51:48:20 MONTAGE Native kitchen	(DIALOGUE) ROBBIE KIRK “I know it’s a lot better to eat in company than alone.” FREDERICA SCHAEFFER “Yeah, that’s how it is at home.” ROBBIE KIRK “The food always tastes better.”
91	00:51:58:20	INTERVIEW # 37 Frederica Schaeffer ...We bring our own native food, seal oil, muktuk [that we bring,] dried fish, dried caribou meat, frozen fish... ...We have that... once or twice the two weeks that I’m here... And we share these with other people and they: Oh, I bring this, you know, my dried fish. So they’d bring their own, what they bring and what I bring and we share this. So sometimes we have a big table full – sharing our native food. It’s important...
92	00:52:26:00	V/O 36: (0:16) In the early days of Red Dog Mine, many employees, especially at supervisory or managerial level, were non-natives. Bringing two cultures together in an industrial setting requires that each understands the other’s way of communicating.
93	00:52:39:22	INTERVIEW #38 Reggie Joule If somebody were to ask whether or not I wanted to do something, I might say “Maybe” … and if I said “Maybe” that was kinda leaning towards “Yeah” …if I said “I don’t know” that was more leaning towards “No” but leaving the door open both ways... Or if they raise their eyebrows – that’s affirmative – …they wrinkle their nose – no! Especially outsiders coming into to work in the environment, where Natives live, or in their back yards as they’re developing resources, or working for corporations like NANA, Native corporations like NANA, they need to be aware of the idiosyncrasies that, that make us who we are...
94	00:53:33:07	V/O 37: (0:19) The shareholders who achieve supervisory and managerial positions often discover that their traditional values are challenged by the industrial workplace. In Inupiat society conflict is to be avoided in an industrial culture, it is something which must be dealt with every day...
95	00:53:50:03	INTERVIEW #39 Robbie Kirk It’s very hard for me being an Inupiaq and trying to avoid conflict... ...I try to avoid conflict but the job demands that... My family members or my friends or just people from Noatak, you know, they, they tell me “Boy, you’re changing!” you know, as a person. Now that I have this added responsibility, and I have to get into conflict and try to resolve it, eh, that means my attitude has changed, and it’s just because I have this job here...
96	00:54:23:00	V/O 38: (1:00) Red Dog Mine is a success, but the Lands Claims Settlement which made it possible, was no ideal solution for Alaska’s Natives. They had no say in forming the law, they lost more land than they won, and their once homogenous society was encumbered with business corporations, which they have spent the last 30 years learning to master. Other parts of Alaska, poorly endowed with mineral wealth, have faced even greater difficulties adapting to this new world. The Inupiat do not enjoy complete sovereignty over their land or their lives – huge areas of their ancestral lands are owned and controlled by the state or federal government – as national parks and wilderness reserves. And in keeping with custom established over a century ago by the missionaries, many aspects of Native life continue to be administrated or regulated by government agencies – despite the fact that in the years since the lands claims settlement, the Natives have become skilled in business and politics...
97	00:55:21:11	INTERVIEW #40 Ricky Ashby We have people that are educated enough now to take care of the land… we don’t need somebody to, [just like to] baby-sit the people no more, we can speak the language, we can write the language, we can operate [com..] computers, heavy equipment, we have the knowledge now, we don’t need the government to look over our shoulder what we do...
98	00:55:44:10 Noatak 4th July V/O start 00:55:52:00	(MUSIC – Washington Post) V/O 39: (0:43) The Inupiat may have achieved some degree of home rule, but they have not achieved independence. Each step they take towards the modern world, is another step towards embracing an American identity. The children of Noatak will grow up as Eskimos and as Americans, their upbringing will prepare them for a subsistence lifestyle, their schooling will equip them for a working life – maybe at Red Dog. In this way, their parents have given them the opportunity of choosing for themselves. Whatever their choice, the modern world and its cash economy, English language and industrial values has come to stay, not least because some outsiders have finally understood the rules of success in the Arctic.
99	00:56:34:20	INTERVIEW #41 Doug Horswill ...they have to respect the culture, they have to respect the environment, they have to be seen to eh, recognise that the people who are here are gonna be here 10,000 years from now like they were here 10,000 years before. We’re, we’re, we’re an entity that comes and goes. We borrow the land for a while, it’s theirs - and we have to respect it [in that kind of level...] and that’s the philosophy we bring to it, and I think anybody else who’s in this business is gonna have to bring to it...
100	00:57:00:12 00:57:43:16	(Music – Wonderful Saviour) V/O 40: (0:35) The story of Red Dog Mine holds a message for communities throughout the Arctic. After 150 years of constant change brought about by outsiders, the Inupiat of Northwest Alaska have regained control of their world. Their world is still changing, and will continue to do so, but through a renewed understanding of their land and their cultural values, the Inupiat have secured the right and the ability to question change, and to dictate some of the terms on which change may take place. Red Dog Mine is only the beginning.
101	00:58:27:06	INTERVIEW #42 Willie Hensley ...you know, the key is to be very conscious of what is of value to your own people and fight for that ...
102	00:58:36:17	INTERVIEW #43 Rachel Sherman ...The Inupiaq culture is something that I would like the children[s] to keep learning. Even our young people they need to learn the Inupiaq culture, [much of it,] because, [you know], we do not know what will happen in the years to come...
103	00:58:55:03	INTERVIEW #44 Ben Sherman ...The land has been very good to me... As long as we take care of the animals we live off, I don’t see a problem with [eh,] going on forever...
104	00:59:11:18	INTERVIEW #45 Willie Hensley ... that has been sort of the motivating factor for many of our parents and grandparents. That they wanted a better life for their children. [Eh,] but I think the challenge is to help maintain a sense of identity, a sense of continuity. [Main-] maintain the language and the elements of their culture that are important to them.
105	00:59:36:09	INTERVIEW #46 Reggie Joule ... Having the ability to walk in two worlds with one spirit. Having a foot firmly planted in each culture. Gleaning the best of both and moving forward from there...
106	00:59:47:07 Caps: (dedication) 00:59:53:02 <C056> This programme is dedicated to the children of the Arctic that they may grow to walk in two worlds with one spirit.

107	01.00:05:07 01:00:06:11 Credits (Roll): <C057> Lighting Cameraman ADRIAN REDMOND Sound Recordists HELENE A. SOUTHERN HANNE SØNNICHSEN Production assistant SARAH-JANE HØGH REDMOND Editor ADRIAN REDMOND Production Manager HANNE SØNNICHSEN Assistant Producers HELENE A. SOUTHERN NINA NUMAN Narrator ADRIAN REDMOND Title music P. HOPE / JW MEDIA MUSIC Ltd. Music CARL ULRIK MUNK-ANDERSEN JESPER HENNING PEDERSEN Post production sound ADRIAN REDMOND Additional Music LEONARD TUKLE, NUIQSUT THE U.S.A.F. HERITAGE OF AMERICA BAND Additional gospel melodies by arrangement with THE LILLENAS PUBLISHING COMPANY Additional Archive Material BAKER JENNINGS FILMS THE NORTHWEST ARCTIC BOROUGH ALYESKA PIPELINE COMPANY THE ANCHORAGE MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND ART THE ALASKA MOVING IMAGE PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION THE TUZZY LIBRARY, BARROW Archive Researcher HELENE A. SOUTHERN The producers wish to thank the following for their support in the making of this programme THE COMMUNITY OF NOATAK, ALASKA NANA REGIONAL CORPORATION COMINCO ALASKA, INC. ARCTIC SLOPE REGIONAL CORPORATION THE NORTHWEST ARCTIC BOROUGH MAYOR'S OFFICE STATE OF ALASKA DEPTARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ERA HELICOPTERS, ANCHORAGE, ALASKA KOTZ FM, KOTZEBUE KBRW AM-FM, BARROW THE ALASKA FEDERATION OF NATIVES RHONDA & MIKE FAUBION TINA DALY & ROBERT DILLON ROSIE HENSLEY INUIT CIRCUMPOLAR CONFERENCE, NUUK ALASKA AIRLINES NATIVE EXPERIENCE produced by CHANNEL 6 TELEVISION, DENMARK for THE HOME RULE GOVERNMENT OF GREENLAND Department of Information / Tusagassiivik Commissioning Editor H.P. MØLLER ANDERSEN Written and directed by ADRIAN REDMOND END SLATE: <C058> NATIVE EXPERIENCE ã 2000 Channel 6 Television Denmark	(TITLE MUSIC) (MUSIC END)
	01:01:00:00	(END OF PROGRAMME)